Investing Reflections On India

Rasi Electrodes is in the business of manufacturing welding electrodes and trading in copper coated mild steel (CCMS) wires. The company has a reasonably good brand image in certain of its segments. The company has reported reasonable growth in revenues over the last five years but the operating profits have remained largely the same.  It reported about 2cr of operating profits on revenues of about 21cr in the last financial year while employing modest financial leverage. The business is exposed to rising steel and rutile prices.  It also incurs heavy working capital investments resulting in hits to its operating cash flows.  Moreover, it will require heavy capital expenditure in the future as a result of PSU customers requiring it to operate with more of its own manufacturing facilities.  This will result in lower free cash flows, at least over the next few years. It is a net importer and hence, exposed to a weakening INR.  Moreover, it is st...

Bliss GVS Pharma operates in the pharmaceutical industry and manufactures vaginal contraceptives, anti-malarial drugs, anal suppositories etc. The company is in expansion mode setting up local manufacturing units as well as abroad via joint ventures. The company has reported good growth in revenues and operating profits over the last five years – reporting about 60cr of operating profits on about 220cr of revenues in the last financial year.  It employed no net debt in accomplishing this performance. The company is a net exporter with lots of US$ and EUR receivables and is therefore, exposed to a strengthening INR.  Moreover, it provides products that those in need may be largely unaware of – and requires larger than usual educational campaigns.  It exports a substantial portion to African countries, which is subject to erratic regulations.  Furthermore, the company may not be able to avail of certain specific tax benefits that it used to enjoy in the pa...

Anjani Synthetics operated in the textile industry and is in the business of manufacturing printed fabrics. The company has reported growing operating profits on growing revenues over the last five years – reporting 14cr of operating profits on 280cr of revenues in the last financial year. It employed an uncomfortably high debt load in relation to accounting net worth as well as earnings.  Moreover, it has used up significant amounts of cash in aggregate over the last five years (both operationally and for capital expenditure) requiring substantial additional financing including a large equity raising exercise in 2007.  Perhaps management may be considered shrewd for raising equity cheaply during the 2007 bull market – but this didn’t really help the former minority shareholder. The business is exposed to the risk of rising prices of cloth (principal input) as well as adverse foreign exchange movements on its imports of colour and chemicals.  These are in addi...

Natraj Proteins is in the business of manufacturing soy products – primarily de-oiled cakes and soya refined oil. The company has reported stable operating profits on similarly stable revenues – reporting about 5cr of operating profits on revenues of about 190cr in the last financial year using a moderate debt load. It is primarily exposed to the risk of unpredictable monsoons affecting soy seed availability and prices, which constitutes its major raw material cost.  It is also exposed to the risk of a strengthening INR against US$ since it generates sizeable export revenues in US$.  It is also dependent on the specific risk of capacity constraints on the Indian Railways, impacting its despatch timelines. Management haven’t paid dividends in the last five years presumably to pay down its external debt.  This may be justified since it reduces financial risk to equity shareholders – Now that the debt load is moderate, it remains to be seen if they will initiate d...

NGL Fine Chem operates in the pharmaceutical industry and is in the business of manufacturing bulk drugs and finished dosages. The company has reported stable operating profits on rising revenues over the last five years indicating a bit of margin compression during that period.  It reported operating profits of around 5cr on revenues of about 35cr in the last financial year.  It generated this using moderate debt. The company, however, has also reported negative free cash flows (operating – investing cash flows) in aggregate over the last five years requiring additional debt to finance the capital expenditure.  It would need to generate commensurate future profits to justify the excess capital expenditure. The business is primarily exposed to the risk of heavy competition in the fragmented generics market.  It is also export-dependent with a concentration of sales to Africa – exposing to foreign exchange rate risks.  In addition, it is also exposed ...

Vijay Solvex is in the business of manufacturing edible oils – primarily mustard oil under ‘SCOOTER’ brand.  It also operates in the ceramics and wind power industries (in an insignificant manner). The company has reported reasonably stable operating profits and revenues over the last five years – reporting about 11cr in operating profits on 600cr of revenues in the last financial year.  However, it operated with an excessive debt load and has suffered volatile operating cash flows as a result over the last five years. The business is exposed to the risks of weak harvests, lack of seeds and acreage in the domestic market, and commodity price fluctuations and (raw materials) as well as severe competition this highly fragmented industry resulting in thin profit margins.  This is worsened by government reduction in import oil duties since 2008 resulting in heavier international competition.   Moreover, customers are very price-sensitive resulting in a la...

Sri Lakshmi Saraswathi is in the business of manufacturing yarn used for making woven and knitted fabrics. The company has reported reasonable operating profitability (for a textile business) over the last five years including a spurt in recent performance with operating profits of 14cr on revenues of about 100cr.  It generated this performance, however, with slightly uncomfortable debt levels (though manageable if the recent performance continues) in relation to accounting net worth.  The business is exposed to myriad problems of rising cotton prices, heavy government regulations and frequent arbitrary intrusion through implementation of the ‘quota’ system for exports of yarn as well as cotton (raw material) impacting their prices (usually adversely), persistent oversupply of yarn capacity in Tamil Nadu as compared to fabric capacity (resulting in greater bargaining power for customers), power shortages, wage increases, foreign exchange rate risks on exports, e...

Fenoplast is in the business of manufacturing PVC Leather cloth for the automobile industry and PVC Film for the pharmaceutical industry.  It is also attempting to expand its product range to visual packaging (garments, electronic hardware etc.) and the leather footwear segments along with other areas. The company has reported consistent growth in revenues and operating profits over the last five years – reporting almost 15cr in operating profits on revenues of almost 180cr. However, it employed about 50cr in debt financing to generate the above results, which appears uncomfortable and puts the company in a vulnerable position – particularly in the event of a rising interest-rate environment and/or economic slowdown The business is exposed to the risks of rising global petrol prices (raw material) and its fortunes are tied into those of the automobile and pharmaceutical industries – which are, in turn, exposed to the risks of high interest rates, excessive competitio...

Prima Plastics is in the business of manufacturing Moulded Furniture and Aluminium Composite Panels.   It supplies usually to retail outlets.   It also owns a profitable joint venture in Cameroon. The company has reported reasonably consistent growth in revenues and operating profits over the last five years.   It reported almost 6cr in operating profits on revenues of almost 60cr in the last financial year while employing modest net debt of about 3cr. The business is exposed to high risk of poor performance in recessionary conditions.   It is also exposed to crude oil and aluminium price spikes, polypropylene (plastic) supplies - mainly dependent on Middle East capacity, heavy competition incl from China, price competition in low-value products, foreign exchange risks on imports as well as exports, etc. Management initiated dividends in FY’10 and continued it in FY’11.   Its continuance would appear to depend on the impact of business risks menti...

Oriental Carbon is in the business of manufacturing and supplying Insoluble Sulphur to tyre companies (used to vulcanise rubber, particularly in radial tyres) - and Sulphuric Acid used in the manufacture of detergent and inorganic chemicals. The company has reported consistent growth in revenues and operating profits over the last five years – reporting almost 50cr of operating profits on revenues of about 160cr in the last financial year.   It operated with modest net debt of about 40cr. The business is exposed to the risks of Chinese competition, foreign exchange risks (imports and exports), international regulations (EU etc.), poor performance in recessionary conditions, sulphur price spikes (although margins are quite stable), etc.

Vinati Organics is in the business of supplying chemicals – specifically it supplies IBB (intermediate) for manufacturing Ibuprofen and ATBS (monomers) used in oil-field recovery, water treatment, acrylics manufacturing etc. The company holds leading competitive positions in its industries – it’s the largest supplier of IBB in the world and second largest supplier of ATBS in the world. The company has reported consistent growth in revenues and operating profits over the last five years – reporting 64cr in operating profits on revenues of over 315cr in the last financial year while operating with modest net debt of about 75cr. The business is exposed to the risks of economic downturns, crude oil price declines, weakening of US$ and lack of skilled labour.

Hi-Tech Gears is in the business of manufacturing Gear Box/Transmission Equipment and supplies them to two and four-wheelers.   60% of its sales are to Hero Honda and it consistently receives good quality audit scores.   The company has reported consistent growth in revenues and profits over the last five years – generating about 75cr of operating profits on revenues of about 430cr in the last financial year.   It operated with modest net borrowings of about 45cr. The business is exposed to the risks of steel price rises, interest rate rises (vehicle financing), adverse currency exchange rate movements (exports) and risks of technological obsolescence.   It is also exposed to customer concentration risk with such a high proportion of revenues generated from a single customer – any breakdown in that relationship will have a substantial impact on the company’s revenues and profits.

Super Sales is in the business of of manufacturing and supplying cotton yarn, textile and CNC machines via direct marketing.   The company has reported reasonable growth in revenues and operating profits over the last five years – reporting 50cr of operating profits on revenues of about 180cr in the last financial year.   However, it operated with a relatively high debt load of 100cr when considering the nature of its business. The business’ fortunes are tied with the user industries.   Therefore, it is exposed to the risks of cotton price spikes, labour shortage, foreign exchange risks, government policies on imports/exports/subsidies etc.   It is also exposed to heavy domestic and international competition and to frequent power shortages.

Digjam is in the business of manufacturing of Worsted Fabrics and clothes made from wool. The company has reported erratic revenues and operating profits over the last five years – reporting about 8cr of operating profits on revenues of about 80cr.   However, it operated with a high debt load of about 70cr and has only a marginal net worth as a result of substantial negative reserves. The company is a former BIFR case where its external loans were restructured as a result of financial difficulties and heavy losses.   It is exposed to wool price spikes (imported from Australia) and also to adverse currency exchange rate movements since about 50% of its revenues arise out of exports.   As a result of the dismal financial position and past financial performance, management haven’t declared dividends in any of the past five years and don’t seem likely to initiate them any time soon unless the financial performance improves drastically from here – however, this ...

Vinyl Chemicals is in the business of trading Vinyl Acetate Monomer. The company has reported erratic revenues and profits over the last five years although revenues haven’t declined materially from levels seen five years ago.   It reported marginal profits of 5 lacs on revenues of 152 crores in the last financial year and operated with no net debts as at 31 st March, 2011. The business is subject to volatile price fluctuations in the product as well as adverse foreign exchange rate movements in its import activities.   The company doesn’t own value-generating assets (e.g. manufacturing facilities etc.) and hence, has limited barriers to the entry of new traders in its product. Management started declaring dividends in 2010 but it is to be seen whether they can maintain this during times of business downturns.

Kabra Extrusion is in the business of manufacturing plastic extrusion machines. It is a dominant player in this industry and claims to have almost 100% repeat business from its customers.  It has a technological tie-up with Battenfield Extrusion Technik in Germany. The company has reported consistent growth in revenues and profits over the last five years although it has taken a recent dive in the latest (June) quarter as a result of low capital expenditure by Indian companies.  It generated operating profits of 33cr on revenues of about 220cr and operated with minimal external debt in the last financial year. The business is exposed to risks of technological obsolescence of its products, import competition, and foreign exchange risks (on exports).  Moreover, the capital nature of its products renders it vulnerable to the capital investment cycle resulting in lumpy revenues in boom times and sub-normal business in recessionary conditions.

PG Foils is in the business of manufacturing aluminium foils and supplying to the retail and pharmaceutical sectors for packaging as well as long shelf-life benefits. The company has reported reasonably stable revenues and operating profits over the last four years – generating about 14cr in operating profits on revenues of about 140cr. It employed negligible net debt as at 31 st March, 2010. The business is exposed to the risks of aluminium price spikes, cyclicality (incl periods of excess capacity) and adverse movements on currency rates. Management appears to employ a niggardly policy towards declaring dividends considering the amount of net profits it generates - presumably for retaining profits for business expansion.  The problem, however, is that management have not employed capital efficiently in the last few years as reflected in poor profitability ratios – shareholders ought to demand an accounting by management for this inefficiency with their money and o...

Flawless Diamonds is in the business of exporting cut and polished diamonds to the US, China, UAE and other countries. The company has not reported significant revenue growth in the last five years and operating profits have been somewhat erratic.   It reported 6cr of operating profits on revenues of about 400cr in the last financial year.   It operated with a relatively high debt load of about 60cr (as at 31 st March, 2010). It is exposed to demand drops during economic downturns due to the discretionary nature of its products, adverse foreign exchange movements impacting its export revenues, interest rate risks impacting its debts and other related risks. Management haven’t declared dividends since the 2008 financial crisis and appear unlikely to reinstate them in the near future due to recent quarterly losses.

Emmsons International is in the business of trading rice, wheat and other commodities. The company reported consistent growth in trading revenues and profits.   It reported operating profits about 50cr on revenues of about 1,350cr in the last financial year.   It operated with a relatively high debt load of 140cr. The business, however, generates weak operating cash flows as a result of heavy investment in its working capital. The business is exposed to the risks of commodity price rises, adverse government regulations on exports/imports, and adverse movements in foreign exchange – all of which directly impact its profits.

Tokyo Plast is in the business of manufacturing thermoware products used to maintain temperature such as insulated ice boxes, water bottles, food carriers etc. The company has reported reasonable growth in revenues and operating profits over the last five years – reporting about 7cr in operating profits on revenues of about 50cr in the last financial year.  It operated with a modest net debt position of about 13cr. The business is subject to crude oil price spikes impacting its raw material costs.  It is also exposed to Chinese competition in this product category and adverse movements in foreign exchange with a large proportion of exports constituting its total sales.